I think it's easier for you as an inexperienced designer

to come up with something different.

Hi, I'm James Dyson,

I'm here to answer your questions from Twitter.

This is Design Support.

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So first up from @muratdemirbas, What is the best designed,

joy to use product in your life?

And I've got it right here

and I bought it in Japan about 30 years ago.

What makes this pencil sharpener special

and better than all the ones I've come across?

The other ones are plastic

and often when you put the pencil in,

the thing topples over.

Whereas this is made of cast aluminium so it's very heavy.

And actually it was quite heavy to carry home from the shop

and bring all the way back from Japan.

It just works very well, doesn't slip around on the table.

Looks good, has got spots to store pencils in it

and it's worked for me unfailingly for 30 years.

The joy of putting this in [motor whirring]

and coming out with a lovely, sharp end

and the noise it makes, it's just delightful.

This one's from @Rarst,

What is the worst designed appliance you own?

And that's a really easy one to answer and it's a printer.

That next question is from @DougCollinsUX,

Who are your design heroes and why?

Well, one of my design heroes

is Alec Issigonis who designed the Mini.

What I really like about the Mini,

which is also true of the Walkman,

is when they did some research

to find out whether the Mini would sell,

this tiny car only 10 foot long with tiny wheels,

the market research said it wouldn't sell.

Nobody would want a car with silly little wheels like that.

It was just too small.

Of course, ultimately,

it became one of the best selling cars in history

and was still being made 50 years later.

What I really like about that is that the car he designed

looks as good today as it did in the late 50s

and that's because it's not styled.

It's the sort of opposite of Harley Earl.

Harley Earl is the sort of designer I hate

because it's all fancy wings and it's very showy.

It's design put there to appeal to people to make it sell.

And this is another,

and the interesting thing about the Sony Walkman

is that it's a tape recorder that won't record.

And that's really, really brave

because again they went and asked people,

do you want to buy this tape recorder that doesn't record?

It just plays back.

And everybody said, no and absolute nonsense,

everybody wants a tape recorder that can record.

But Akio Morita at Sony had the bravery to see

that actually, although no one says they want it

he believed they would want it

because they could put it in their pocket

and play music with earphoness,

which no one had ever really been able to do before.

The next one's quite funny. [laughs]

The next questions from @salvatoreDOTcom,

he says, How does suction even like work?

You create suction by developing a very highspeed airflow.

So, you have an electric motor here and a turbine here

and if you turn that very, very fast,

and we go about 130,000 RPM with that,

the air is drawn in to the center here

and spun out of the periphery of that turbine

at great speed.

And it's so fast that it draws in more and more air,

huge amounts of air, and expels them at very high speed

and if you're drawing in a lot of air into this device,

you're creating suction, so that's what suction is.

Next question is from @JoseOrtega.

Product Designers,

what was your biggest challenge to overcome,

lack of experience?

How did you overcome it?

Very interestingly

I think a lack of experience is a great help.

An expert thinks he knows it all

but he's also rather inhibited

by his experience, his knowledge,

and he finds it difficult to steer off the well-known path.

Whereas if you have a lack of experience but huge curiosesity

and you approach your new challenge with naivety,

I think it's easier for you as an inexperienced designer

to come up with something different

and to follow a different path.

I'll give an example.

When I started to develop

my cyclonic vacuum cleaner separation systems,

separating dust from air, I went to the experts

and they said you'll never make a cyclone

that clears dust out of air below 20 microns.

And 20 microns is a bit too big

because a lot of dust is like cigarette smoke,

it's half a micron or 0.3 of a micron.

But because of my naivety, I thought, well, maybe he's wrong

and I'll try and make it work,

so 5 1/2 thousand prototypes later I had made it work

and I'd got it down from 20 microns down to 0.3 of a micron.

I advanced the science from being a complete novice.

From @mrs_sloperrrr,

What do I do if I have an invention idea?

The first thing you should do is build a prototype

and as soon as you have a product that works,

you should then file for a patent.

If you go and file the patent before you've made it work

you could get into trouble

because a patent has to be of a product or a technology

or an engineering idea that works

and you have to prove that it works.

And I'm sometimes asked

whether you can contract out the making of a prototype

to a development company or a model builder or something,

and indeed you can do that.

And if it's a purely visual model,

I think that's a perfectly good thing to do

but if it's anything mechanical

or something that has to work,

or has a technology that you've got to make to work,

it's much, much better you do it yourself.

Because when you come to,

and I hope you don't ever have to do it,

but you have to fight a patent action,

one of the first things

that the person you're accusing of copying will say to you,

or their lawyers will say to you,

did you build that prototype yourself?

What they'll trying and argue

is that you didn't make the invention at all,

it was the person who built the prototype

who made the invention.

I also think that the act of making it yourself,

actually physically making the prototype,

it's vital to do that yourself

so you fully understand what you're doing

and when it fails, as it probably will, as mine always do,

I understand why it's failed

and I get an idea as to how I might make it work.

The next one's from @franklagendijk.

Quick question out of curiosesity,

what are your biggest challenges currently as a UX designer,

product designer or product manager owner?

The biggest challenge is speed,

getting a product done quickly.

It takes, nowadays, a lot of people.

You have to have a lot of mechanical designers

and product designers

but also you have to have a lot of fluid dynamics,

motor engineers, software people, ballistics people.

You have to have a whole host of people

you didn't have to have 20, 25 years ago.

And increasingly because other countries

are developing technology and products so quickly,

we've got to compete with that.

So, I would say our biggest single issue

is that we've got to do things quicker.

And the next question, which is a bit of a personal one,

from @anika4prez,

It's 2021 and how are hand dryers not quiet yet?

Well, I agree with you, I have great sympathy for you,

but we're dealing with airflow devices

that go at 120, 140,000 RPM.

Any fast turbine moving air is noisy. Think of jet engines.

When we are designing new generations of hand dryers

and we've just brought one out, actually,

that's much quieter

and we've dropped it down to 750 watts from 1200 watts,

so we're getting better at it

and you're quite right to complain about it.

From @Sharonica, A bladeless fan?

This is sorcery. How does Dyson do it?

A bladeless fan came about

because we were looking at airflow technology.

If you let out a small blade of air,

a very high speed jet of air along a particular surface,

actually a surface not unlike an aircraft wing,

we noticed that it sucked in from behind it

a lot of extra air.

And we did a circular blade, annulars we call it,

outlet of air.

Very tiny, it was only a mil and a half wide,

and we noticed

that it increased the original air flow by 20 times.

In the process the airflow was very smooth,

it wasn't interrupted or turbulent.

Whereas a fan with blades gives turbulent air

and, of course, a blade is dangerous.

Bladed fans are very difficult to clean.

They have their motor in the center of the fan,

so the fan is top heavy and it sort of slumps.

So, we put the motor at the base so the fan was very stable

and we had it rotate around its center of gravity,

so whatever position you put it in, it stayed there.

So that's really how the fan came about.

It was a very difficult product to launch

because when we showed it to people

they had no idea what it was.

They thought it was an amplifier of some sorts.

From @LydseyDYoung, Question for 'Inventors'.

How easy have you found it

to get to your product on major retailers shelves?

The answer to that is very simple,

it's very, very, very difficult indeed.

They don't know whether your new and different product

is going to sell.

In many cases what they'd rather do

is just have the same products they've got before

but at a cheaper price.

But nowadays we have the internet.

I would suggest that anyone who wants to approach retailers

or wants to sell a high volume of their product,

should absolutely approach retailers

but at the same time and in parallel

sell direct on the internet

because apart from anything else,

if you can prove it sells on the internet,

the major retailers would be interested in stocking it.

The next question is from @Moe_offthewall,

How can inventors peacefully carry on innovating

when filing for a patent itself costs thousands?

This is a headache.

Well, I couldn't agree more, Moe, it's a terrible headache.

An individual can't really afford to file a patent

and in particular file a patent in many countries

but the system is expensive because the examiner

has to search through patent offices all over the world,

going back many, many years

to see if there is a similar invention to yours.

But unfortunately

it's the only protection that inventors have

and it's the only system inventors have.

It's far from perfect.

It was dreamt up by Henry IV in 1485, I think it was,

and it's stayed the same for 600 years

and the 20 year life

is exactly the same as it was 600 years ago.

So, it jolly well needs an overhaul

and it's a system that's desperately unfair

for the individual inventor or the small business.

Next question's from @behoff

and it's a very interesting one,

What's the most important element of design

in your opinion?

So I'm going to give you my opinion,

which is very different to lots of other people's opinions.

When I was at the Royal College of Art being taught design,

I discovered engineering

and I couldn't understand why engineering

was separated from design.

Why did you have

a white-coated engineer in a lab developing technology

and a designer in a separate design studio

often completely unrelated

to the company developing the product or technology,

designing the product?

So, I thought design should be part of engineering,

like Alec Issigonis with his Mini.

So I see design as being everything about a product

from the technology to the engineering to the design

to how ergonomic it is, how well it performs

and how long it lasts and what materials it use

and whether it's sustainable or not.

So I see design

covering this whole broad range of disciplines

and bringing it all together in a seamless

and uninterrupted way.

Well, that's it for now.

They were really good questions,

absolutely the right questions to be answering

and look forward to next time.

Goodbye.

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